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Papua (province)

Coordinates: 2°32′S 140°43′E / 2.533°S 140.717°E / -2.533; 140.717
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(Redirected from Papua Province, Indonesia)

For information about the larger pre-2022 province, see Western New Guinea.
Papua
Province with special status
Province of Papua
Provinsi Papua
Coat of arms of Papua
Coat of arms
Nickname(s): 
Bumi Cenderawasih (Indonesian)
"Land of Paradisaea"
Motto(s): 
Karya Swadaya (Sanskrit)
"Work with one's own might"
   Papua in    Indonesia
OpenStreetMap
Map
Coordinates (Jayapura): 2°32′S 140°43′E / 2.533°S 140.717°E / -2.533; 140.717
Country Indonesia
Establishment27 December 1949[1]
Indonesian administration1 May 1963[2]
Latest partition30 June 2022[3]
Capital
and largest city		Jayapura
Divisions8 regencies and 1 city
Government
 • BodyPapua Provincial Government
 • GovernorRamses Limbong (acting)
 • Vice GovernorVacant
Area
[4]
 • Total
82,680.95 km2 (31,923.29 sq mi)
 • Rank7th in Indonesia
Population
 (mid 2024 estimation)[5]
 • Total
1,047,098
 • Density13/km2 (33/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+09:00 (Indonesia Eastern Time)
ISO 3166 codeID-PA
Vehicle registrationPA
HDI (2024)Increase 0.738[6] (22nd) – high
Websitepapua.go.id

Papua is a province of Indonesia, comprising the northern coast of Western New Guinea together with island groups in Cenderawasih Bay to the west. It roughly follows the borders of Papuan customary region of Tabi Saireri,[7][8] and is divided into eight regencies (kabupaten) and one city (kota), the latter being the provincial capital of Jayapura.

It is bordered by nation of Papua New Guinea to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the north, Cenderawasih Bay to the west, and the provinces of Central Papua and Highland Papua to the south. The province also shares maritime boundaries with Palau in the Pacific. Papua, along with the five other Papuan provinces,[citation needed] has a higher degree of autonomy level compared to other Indonesian provinces.[9]

Prior to 2003, the province called (known as Irian Barat from 1962 to 1973 and Irian Jaya from 1973 to 2002) covered the entirety of Western New Guinea, a region also known as "Papua". In 2002, Papua adopted its current name and was granted a special autonomous status under Indonesian legislation. In 2003, the western end of the province was split off into a new province of West Papua, and in 2022 the provinces of Central Papua, Highland Papua, and South Papua were also split off, leaving the current province covering a much smaller northern area around Jayapura.

The official estimate of the population in mid 2023 of the province under its current borders was 1,047,098 (comprising 548,505 males and 498,593 females).[5]

Politics

[edit]

Government

[edit]
The Papuan People's Assembly is created formally in 2001 to administer the Papuan Special Autonomy

The province of Papua is governed by a directly elected governor and a regional legislature, People's Representative Council of Papua (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Papua, abbreviated as DPRP or DPR Papua).[10] A unique government organization in the province is the Papuan People's Assembly (Majelis Rakyat Papua), which was formed by the Indonesian government in 2005, as mandated by the Papua Special Autonomy Law, as a coalition of Papuan tribal chiefs, Papuan religious leaders, and Papuan women representatives, tasked with arbitration and speaking on behalf of Papuan tribal customs.[11]

Since 2014, the DPRP has 55 members who are elected through General elections every five years and 14 people who are appointed through the special autonomy, bringing the total number of DPRP members to 69 people. The DPRP leadership consists of 1 Chairperson and 3 Deputy Chairmen who come from political parties that have the most seats and votes. The current DPRP members are the results of the 2019 General Election which was sworn in on 31 October 2019 by the Chairperson of the Jayapura High Court at the Papua DPR Building.[12] The composition of DPRP members for the 2019–2024 period consists of 13 political parties where the Nasdem Party is the political party with the most seats, with 8 seats, followed by the Democratic Party which also won 8 seats and the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle which won 7 seats.

The province of Papua is one of seven provinces to have obtained special autonomy status, the others being Aceh, West Papua, Southwest Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua and South Papua (the Special Regions of Jakarta and Yogyakarta have a similar province-level special status). According to Law 21/2001 on Special Autonomy Status (UU Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi khusus Papua), the provincial government of Papua is provided with authority within all sectors of administration, except for the five strategic areas of foreign affairs, security and defense, monetary and fiscal affairs, religion and justice. The provincial government is authorized to issue local regulations to further stipulate the implementation of the special autonomy, including regulating the authority of districts and municipalities within the province. Due to its special autonomy status, Papua province is provided with significant amount of special autonomy funds, which can be used to benefit its indigenous peoples. But the province has low fiscal capacity and it is highly dependent on unconditional transfers and the above-mentioned special autonomy fund, which accounted for about 55% of total revenues in 2008.

After obtaining its special autonomy status, to allow the local population access to timber production benefits, the Papuan provincial government issued a number of decrees, enabling:

  • a Timber Logging Permit for Customary Communities, which enabled local people to carry out timber extraction in small concessions (250 to 1,000 hectares) for one year through a community-based or participatory community cooperative;
  • a Permit to Manage Customary Forests, which was a timber extraction permit for larger concessions (up to 2,000 hectares) for a maximum of 20 years;
  • logging companies had to pay compensations to local communities in addition to all other fees and taxes collected by the national government.

Administrative divisions

[edit]
Main article: Administrative divisions of Indonesia

As of 2022 (following the separation of Central Papua, Highland Papua, and South Papua province), the residual Papua Province consisted of 8 regencies (kabupaten) and one city (kota); on the map below, these regencies comprise the northern belt from Waropen Regency to Keerom Regency, plus the island groups to their northwest. Initially the area now forming the present Papua Province contained three regencies - Jayapura, Yapen Waropen and Biak Numfor. The City of Jayapura was separated on 2 August 1993 from Jayapura Regency and formed into a province-level administration. On 11 December 2002 three new regencies were created - Keerom and Sarmi from parts of Jayapura Regency, and Waropen from part of Yapen Waropen Regency (the rest of this regency was renamed as Yapen Islands). On 18 December 2003 a further regency - Supiori - was created from part of Biak Numfor Regency, and on 15 March 2007 a further regency - Mamberamo Raya - was created from the western part of Sarmi Regency. These regencies and the city are together subdivided as into districts (distrik), and thence into "villages" (kelurahan and desa). With the release of the Act Number 21 of 2001 concerning the Special Autonomous Region of Papua Province, the term distrik was used instead of kecamatan in the entire Western New Guinea.[13] The difference between the two is merely the terminology, with kepala distrik being the district head.

The regencies (kabupaten) and the city (kota) are listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2020 census[14] and subsequent official estimates for mid 2023,[5] together with the 2020 Human Development Index of each administrative divisions.[15][16]

Regional Code Name of
City or
Regency 		Capital Districts Area
in
km2 		Population
census
2020 		Population
estimate
mid 2023 		HDI (2020)
91.03 Jayapura Regency Sentani Airu, Demta, Depapre, Ebungfau, South Gresi, Kaureh, Kemtuk, Kemtuk Gresi, Namblong, Nimbokrang, Nimboran, Ravenirara, Sentani, West Sentani, East Sentani, Unurum Guay, Waibu, Yapsi, Yokari 14,082.21 166,171 171,670 0.717 (High)
91.05 Yapen Islands Regency Serui Angkaisera, Anotaurei, Ambai Islands, Kosiwo, Poom, Kurudu Islands, Pulau Yerui, Raimbawi, Teluk Ampimoi, Windesi, Wonawa, West Yapen, South Yapen (Serui), East Yapen, North Yapen, Yawakukat 2,429.03 112,676 117,030 0.677
91.06 Biak Numfor Regency Biak Aimando Padaido, Andey, West Biak, Biak City (Biak), East Biak, North Biak, Bondifuar, Bruyadori, West Numfor, East Numfor, Oridek Orkeri, Padaido, Poiru, Samofa, Swandiwe, Warsa, Yawosi, Yendidori 2,257.78 134,650 139,390 0.722 (High)

(Medium)

91.10 Sarmi Regency Sarmi Apawer Hulu, Bonggo, East Bonggo, West Coast, East Coast, East Coast West, Sarmi, South Sarmi, East Sarmi, Top Tor 14,068.37 41,515 42,680 0.636

(Medium)

91.11 Keerom Regency Waris Arso, West Arso, East Arso, Kaisenar, Mannem, Senggi, Skanto, Towe, Waris, Web, Yaffi 9,526.32 61,623 63,500 0.664

(Medium)

91.15 Waropen Regency Botawa Demba, Inggerus, Kirihi, Masirei, Oudate, Risei Sayati, Soyoi Mambai, Urei Faisei, Wapoga, Bottom Waropen, Wonti 10,778.76 33,943 35,320 0.649

(Medium)

91.19 Supiori Regency Sorendiweri Aruri Islands, West Supiori, South Supiori, East Supiori, North Supiori 660.61 22,547 24,010 0.623

(Medium)

91.20 Mamberamo Raya Regency Burmeso Benuki, Mamberamo Hilir, Mamberamo Hulu, Central Mamberamo (Burmeso), East Central Mamberamo, Rufaer, Sawai, Bottom Waropen 28,042.39 36,483 38,640 0.518 (Low)
91.71 Jayapura City Abepura, Heram, Muara Tami, South Jayapura, North Jayapura 835.48 398,478 414,860 0.799 (High)

(Medium)

- Total Papua
Province 		82,680.95 1,008,086 1,047,098

(Medium)

The province now forms one of Indonesia's 84 national electoral districts to elect members to the People's Representative Council. The Papua Electoral District consists of all of the 8 regencies in the province, together with the city of Jayapura, and elects 3 members to the People's Representative Council.[17]

Geography

[edit]

The province of Papua is located between 2 ° 25' – 9 ° S and 130 ° – 141 ° East. The total area of Papua is now 82,680.95 km2 (31,923.29 sq mi). Until its division in 2022 into four provinces, Papua province was the province that had the largest area in Indonesia, with a total area of 312,816.35 km2, or 19.33% of the total area of the Indonesian archipelago. The boundaries of Papua are: Pacific Ocean (north), Highland Papua (south), Central Papua (Southwest) and Papua New Guinea (east).

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1971 210,901—    
1980 282,310+33.9%
1990 407,643+44.4%
2000 534,050+31.0%
2010 718,782+34.6%
2020 1,008,086+40.2%
2023 1,047,098+3.9%
(data prior to 2022 excludes regencies under Central Papua, Highland Papua and South Papua that were part of the province until 2022)
Source: Statistics Indonesia 2024 and earlier.

While the Papuan branch of the Central Agency on Statistics had earlier projected the 2020 population of the province (as constituted at that time) to be 3,435,430 people[15][18] the actual census in 2020 revealed a total population of 4,303,707, of which the majority were Christian.[19][14] The official estimate for mid 2022 was 4,418,581[20] prior to the division of the province into four separate provinces. ,[14] spread throughout 28 regencies and one administrative city. Following the division of the province into 4 separate provinces, the city of Jayapura is the most populated administrative division in the province, with a total of 414,860 people in mid 2023, while Supiori Regency, which comprises mainly the island of Supiori, one of the Schouten Islands within Cenderawasih Bay off the north coast of Papua, is the least populated administrative division in the province, with just 24,010 people.[5] Most of the population in the province are concentrated in coastal regions, especially around the city of Jayapura and its suburbs.

Religion

[edit]

Religion in Papua (2022)

  Protestantism (64.23%)
  Roman Catholicism (5.62%)
  Islam (29.85%)
  Hinduism (0.14%)
  Buddhism (0.15%)
  Others (0.01%)

According to Indonesian Citizenship and Civil Registry in 2022, 70.15% of the Papuans identified themselves as Christians, with 64.68% being Protestants and 5.47% being Catholics. 29.56% of the population are Muslims and less than 1% were Buddhists or Hindus.[21]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "PERDA Provinsi Papua No 6 Tahun 2016" (PDF). peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  2. ^ "Penetapan Presiden RI No 1 Tahun 1963" (PDF). bphn.go.id. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  3. ^ "DPR Sahkan 3 UU Provinsi Baru, Puan: Jaminan Hak Rakyat Papua dalam Pemerataan Pembangunan". Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  4. ^ Faisal, M. (8 August 2022). "5 Provinsi di Pulau Papua". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Provinsi Papua Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.91)
  6. ^ "Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2024" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2024. Retrieved 15 November 2024.
  7. ^ "Wilayah Adat Tabi Saireri Sepakati 11 Poin Evaluasi Otsus". 29 August 2020.
  8. ^ "Pertemuan Forum Kepala Daerah Tabi Saireri, ini sejumlah Agenda yang dibahas". Yapen Islands Regency Official Website. 30 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  9. ^ "Perubahan Kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua". peraturan.bpk.go.id. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
  10. ^ Blades, Johnny (19 September 2018). "Governor of Indonesia's Papua seeks connection with PNG". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  11. ^ "PP 54–2004::Majelis Rakyat Papua (MRP)". ngada.org. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  12. ^ T. "55 Anggota DPR Papua Resmi Dilantik". Dharapos Papua. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
  13. ^ "J.D.I.H. – Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat". dpr.go.id. Setjen DPR RI. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  14. ^ a b c Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
  15. ^ a b "Badan Pusat Statistik Papua: Jumlah Penduduk Proyeksi (Jiwa), 2018–2020". papua.bps.go.id. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  16. ^ Sugiyanto. "Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) Provinsi Papua Tahun 2020". Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Papua.
  17. ^ Law No. 7/2017 (UU No. 7 Tahun 2017) as amended by Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 and Regulation of General Elections Commission No. 6/2023.
  18. ^ "Jumlah Penduduk Papua Capai 4,30 Juta Jiwa". Badan Penghubung Daerah Provinsi Papua. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  19. ^ "Badan Pusat Statistik: Penduduk Indonesia menurut Provinsi 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 dan 2010". www.bps.go.id. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  20. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, Provinsi Papua Dalam Angka 2023 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.91)
  21. ^ "Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2022" (Visual). www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id. Retrieved 31 July 2022.

Cited works

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